"-us" meaning in Old Irish

See -us in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /us/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *-es-tus. Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*-es-tus}} Proto-Celtic *-es-tus Head templates: {{head|sga|suffix}} -us
  1. alternative form of -as Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -as
    Sense id: en--us-sga-suffix--u256Vgw
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Head templates: {{head|sga|suffix|suffixed pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns}} -us (suffixed pronoun)
  1. her (object pronoun), it (in reference to a feminine noun) Tags: morpheme, pronoun, suffix
    Sense id: en--us-sga-suffix-xE1WmAsS Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Old Irish personal pronouns Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 0 100 0 Disambiguation of Old Irish personal pronouns: 0 100 0
  2. them Tags: morpheme, pronoun, suffix
    Sense id: en--us-sga-suffix-yajcM2lk
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2 Related terms: but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex, m-L, dom-L, dam-L, -um, t-L, dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L, -ut, a-N, e-N, d-N, id-N, did-N, -i, -it, s-(N), da-, a-L, e-L, d-L, id-L, did-L, n-, don-, dun-, dan-, -unn, b-, dob-, dub-, dab-, -uib
{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*-es-tus"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-es-tus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-es-tus.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-us",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-as"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of -as"
      ],
      "id": "en--us-sga-suffix--u256Vgw",
      "links": [
        [
          "-as",
          "-as#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/us/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-us"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "suffixed pronoun",
        "cat2": "personal pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "-us (suffixed pronoun)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "m-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dom-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dam-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-um"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "t-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dot-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dat-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dut-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dit-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ut"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "a-N"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "e-N"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "d-N"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "id-N"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "did-N"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-it"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "s-(N)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "da-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "a-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "e-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "d-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "id-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "did-L"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "n-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "don-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dun-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dan-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-unn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "b-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dob-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dub-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dab-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-uib"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish personal pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "her (object pronoun), it (in reference to a feminine noun)"
      ],
      "id": "en--us-sga-suffix-xE1WmAsS",
      "links": [
        [
          "her",
          "her"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "pronoun",
        "suffix"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "them"
      ],
      "id": "en--us-sga-suffix-yajcM2lk",
      "links": [
        [
          "them",
          "them"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "pronoun",
        "suffix"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-us"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish personal pronouns",
    "Old Irish suffixes",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 18 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*-es-tus"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-es-tus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-es-tus.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-us",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-as"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of -as"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-as",
          "-as#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/us/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-us"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish personal pronouns",
    "Old Irish suffixes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 18 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "suffixed pronoun",
        "cat2": "personal pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "-us (suffixed pronoun)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex"
    },
    {
      "word": "m-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "dom-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "dam-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "-um"
    },
    {
      "word": "t-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "dot-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "dat-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "dut-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "dit-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ut"
    },
    {
      "word": "a-N"
    },
    {
      "word": "e-N"
    },
    {
      "word": "d-N"
    },
    {
      "word": "id-N"
    },
    {
      "word": "did-N"
    },
    {
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "word": "-it"
    },
    {
      "word": "s-(N)"
    },
    {
      "word": "da-"
    },
    {
      "word": "a-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "e-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "d-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "id-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "did-L"
    },
    {
      "word": "n-"
    },
    {
      "word": "don-"
    },
    {
      "word": "dun-"
    },
    {
      "word": "dan-"
    },
    {
      "word": "-unn"
    },
    {
      "word": "b-"
    },
    {
      "word": "dob-"
    },
    {
      "word": "dub-"
    },
    {
      "word": "dab-"
    },
    {
      "word": "-uib"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "her (object pronoun), it (in reference to a feminine noun)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "her",
          "her"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "pronoun",
        "suffix"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "them"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "them",
          "them"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "pronoun",
        "suffix"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-us"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -us meaning in Old Irish (2.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.